Characteristics and Inspiration of a Good Shrimp Pond Design

Shrimp pond design is an important aspect in the process of building a farming business. The high value of survival and production of shrimp aquaculture is closely related to its biotechnical aspects. The biotechnical aspect consists of:

• Cultivation techniques
• Site selection
• Pond construction (slope, bunds, embankments, channels and layout) 
• Infrastructure
• The cultivation system used starts from pond preparation to post-harvest management. 

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Pond Map Design

Making pond plot designs requires good consideration in order to function efficiently and be economically feasible. The purpose of the pond plot design is to facilitate the management of water and waste during cultivation, as well as harvesting of shrimp. Map design is an initial plan that includes:

1. Pool bottom slope
2. Pool wall slope
3. Type of pond to be used (soil/concrete/plastic)
4. Pool shape (round/square/rectangular; try to minimize dead spots in the pool)
5. Central drain (middle exhaust)
6. location inlet (water entrance)
7. The length and width of the plot
8. Map depth
9. Bund size
10. Channel size around the map

On rectangular plots, the longest side should be less than 150 m so that the entry of water from one side to the other can cause a fairly strong current. In addition, the longest side of the map should be perpendicular to the direction of the wind so as not to cause too strong waves of water. If it is parallel to the wind direction, the water waves in the plot become strong and can damage the bunds. 

Extensive or traditional ponds usually require a perimeter ditch for shrimp shelter. In general, canals around have a depth of 0.3 m and a width of 3-5 m (depending on the size of the pond). The distance between the canal around and the foot of the bund is made with a size of about 2 m. Below are side and top views of an example of an extensive or traditional pond design:

Semi-intensive ponds often do not require a perimeter ditch because the water depth is sufficient. Circular canals are only used to dispose of stagnant water during pond preparation. Therefore, the width is smaller than traditional ponds. The following is a side and top view of an example of a semi-intensive pond design:

Intensive ponds do not need a perimeter ditch, but need a central drain or central drain. The following is a side and top view of an example of a semi-intensive pond design:

Shrimp Pond Design Construction Requirements

Persyaratan dan konstruksi tambak udang berbeda di tiap sistem budidayanya. Indikator pembeda dari persyaratan dan konstruksi tiap sistem budidaya, yaitu luas petak, bentuk petak, tanah dasar, saluran dalam tambak, dan pematang (bahan, kemiringan, pintu air, dan kedalaman).

The following is a table of shrimp pond requirements and construction based on the cultivation system: 

Tips for Making a Shrimp Pond Design

After discussing the design of the pond plots and pond design requirements, let's discuss tips so that the design of the shrimp ponds that you make is more optimal. 

Here are tips on making a shrimp pond design:

1. Determine the location of the cultivation business plan 
2. Pay attention to land feasibility and soil type because it will affect pond construction and operations
3. Determine the cultivation system to be applied
4. Carefully calculate the size and layout of the aquaculture pond
5. Pay attention to the important components in the pond such as drains, floodgates and bunds

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